Lítium
3
Li
Skupina
1
Perióda
2
Orbitál
s
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
3
3
4
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
3
Atómová hmotnosť
6,941
Hmotnostné číslo
7
Kategória
Alkalické kovy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
Z Gréckeho slova lithos (kameň)
Kryštálová sústava
Centrovaný kockový
História
Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817 when he was analyzing minerals from the island of Uto in Sweden.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Elektróny v obale
2, 1
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[He] 2s1
Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
0,534 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
453,69 K | 180,54 °C | 356,97 °F
Teplota varu
1615,15 K | 1342 °C | 2447,6 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
3 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
147 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
3,582 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,0017%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
6×10-7%
Registračné číslo CAS
7439-93-2
PubChem CID číslo
3028194
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
152 pm
Kovalentný polomer
128 pm
Elektronegativita
0,98 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
5,3917 eV
Atómový objem
13,10 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,847 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1
Aplikácie
Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
6Li, 7LiNestabilné izotopy
4Li, 5Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li