Berýlium
4
Be
Skupina
2
Perióda
2
Orbitál
s
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
4
4
5
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
4
Atómová hmotnosť
9,012182
Hmotnostné číslo
9
Kategória
Kovy alkalických zemín
Farba
Bridlicovo šedá
Rádioaktívny
Nie
Z Gréckeho slova beryllos (beryl)
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin discovered beryllium in the oxide form in both beryl and emeralds in 1798.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Elektróny v obale
2, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[He] 2s2
Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
1,85 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
1560,15 K | 1287 °C | 2348,6 °F
Teplota varu
2742,15 K | 2469 °C | 4476,2 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
7,95 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
297 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
1,825 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,00019%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
1×10-7%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-41-7
PubChem CID číslo
5460467
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
112 pm
Kovalentný polomer
96 pm
Elektronegativita
1,57 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
9,3227 eV
Atómový objem
4,9 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
2,01 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 2
Aplikácie
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
9BeNestabilné izotopy
5Be, 6Be, 7Be, 8Be, 10Be, 11Be, 12Be, 13Be, 14Be, 15Be, 16Be