Hliník
13
Al
Skupina
13
Perióda
3
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
13
13
14
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
13
Atómová hmotnosť
26,9815386
Hmotnostné číslo
27
Kategória
Po-prechodné kovy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word alumen, alum
Kryštálová sústava
Tvárovo-centrovaný kockový
História
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 3
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
2,698 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
933,47 K | 660,32 °C | 1220,58 °F
Teplota varu
2792,15 K | 2519 °C | 4566,2 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
10,7 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
293 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,897 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
8,1%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
0,005%
Registračné číslo CAS
7429-90-5
PubChem CID číslo
5359268
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
143 pm
Kovalentný polomer
121 pm
Elektronegativita
1,61 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
5,9858 eV
Atómový objem
9,98 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
2,37 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 3
Aplikácie
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
27AlNestabilné izotopy
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al