Kremík
14
Si
Skupina
14
Perióda
3
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
14
14
14
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
14
Atómová hmotnosť
28,0855
Hmotnostné číslo
28
Kategória
Polokovy
Farba
Sivá
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word silex, silicis, flint
Kryštálová sústava
Štvorboký obal
História
In 1800, Sir Humphry Davy thought silica to be a compound and not an element; but in 1811, Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.
In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.
Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.
Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 4
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Silicon also has the unusual property that it expands as it freezes
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
2,3296 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
1687,15 K | 1414 °C | 2577,2 °F
Teplota varu
3538,15 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
50,2 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
359 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,705 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
27%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
0,07%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-21-3
PubChem CID číslo
5461123
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
111 pm
Kovalentný polomer
111 pm
Elektronegativita
1,9 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
8,1517 eV
Atómový objem
12,1 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
1,48 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikácie
In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc.
Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.
Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.
Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.
Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.
Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
28Si, 29Si, 30SiNestabilné izotopy
22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si