Fosfor
15
P
Skupina
15
Perióda
3
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
15
15
16
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
15
Atómová hmotnosť
30,973762
Hmotnostné číslo
31
Kategória
Iné nekovy
Farba
Bezfarebný
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý triklinický
História
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 5
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
1,82 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
317,25 K | 44,1 °C | 111,38 °F
Teplota varu
553 K | 279,85 °C | 535,73 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
0,64 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
12,4 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,769 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,099%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
0,0007%
Registračné číslo CAS
7723-14-0
PubChem CID číslo
5462309
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
98 pm
Kovalentný polomer
107 pm
Elektronegativita
2,19 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
10,4867 eV
Atómový objem
17,0 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,00235 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Aplikácie
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
31PNestabilné izotopy
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P