Vápnik
20
Ca
Skupina
2
Perióda
4
Orbitál
s
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
20
20
20
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
20
Atómová hmotnosť
40,078
Hmotnostné číslo
40
Kategória
Kovy alkalických zemín
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word calx, lime
Kryštálová sústava
Tvárovo-centrovaný kockový
História
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 8, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ar] 4s2
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
1,54 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Teplota varu
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
8,54 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
155 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,647 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
5%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
0,007%
Zdroje obrázkov: Wikimedia Commons (Matthias Zepper)
Pure calcium in a protective argon gas atmosphere
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-70-2
PubChem CID číslo
5460341
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
197 pm
Kovalentný polomer
176 pm
Elektronegativita
1,00 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,1132 eV
Atómový objem
29,9 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
2,01 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 2
Aplikácie
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46CaNestabilné izotopy
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca