Skandium
21
Sc
Skupina
3
Perióda
4
Orbitál
d
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
21
21
24
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
21
Atómová hmotnosť
44,955912
Hmotnostné číslo
45
Kategória
Prechodné prvky
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word Scandia, Scandinavia
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
In 1879, Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected scandium in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite.
Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.
Per Teodor Cleve showed that scandium had properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleev for eka-boron.
Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer and his colleagues.
Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.
Per Teodor Cleve showed that scandium had properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleev for eka-boron.
Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer and his colleagues.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 9, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
The stable form of scandium is created in supernovas via the r-process
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
2,989 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
1814,15 K | 1541 °C | 2805,8 °F
Teplota varu
3109,15 K | 2836 °C | 5136,8 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
16 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
318 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,568 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,0026%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
3×10-6%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-20-2
PubChem CID číslo
23952
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
162 pm
Kovalentný polomer
170 pm
Elektronegativita
1,36 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,5615 eV
Atómový objem
15,0 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,158 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 2, 3
Aplikácie
Scandium is used in sports equipment such as golf iron shafts, baseball bats, bicycle frames and fishing rods.
Scandium iodide, along with sodium iodide, when added to a modified form of mercury-vapor lamp, produces a form of metal halide lamp.
The radioactive isotope 46Sc is used in oil refineries as a tracing agent.
Scandium iodide, along with sodium iodide, when added to a modified form of mercury-vapor lamp, produces a form of metal halide lamp.
The radioactive isotope 46Sc is used in oil refineries as a tracing agent.
Scandium is considered to be of low toxicity
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
45ScNestabilné izotopy
36Sc, 37Sc, 38Sc, 39Sc, 40Sc, 41Sc, 42Sc, 43Sc, 44Sc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc, 49Sc, 50Sc, 51Sc, 52Sc, 53Sc, 54Sc, 55Sc, 56Sc, 57Sc, 58Sc, 59Sc, 60Sc