Vanád
23
V
Skupina
5
Perióda
4
Orbitál
d
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
23
23
28
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
23
Atómová hmotnosť
50,9415
Hmotnostné číslo
51
Kategória
Prechodné prvky
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
Named after Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis
Kryštálová sústava
Centrovaný kockový
História
Vanadium was originally discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río in 1801.
In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.
In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.
Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work.
In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.
In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.
Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 11, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Vanadium is mined mostly in South Africa, north-western China, and eastern Russia
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
6,11 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
2183,15 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F
Teplota varu
3680,15 K | 3407 °C | 6164,6 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
22,8 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
453 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,489 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,019%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
0,0001%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-62-2
PubChem CID číslo
23990
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
134 pm
Kovalentný polomer
153 pm
Elektronegativita
1,63 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,8281 eV
Atómový objem
8,78 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,307 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Aplikácie
Vanadium is used as an additive in steel to strengthen and protect against corrosion.
Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.
Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.
All vanadium compounds should be considered toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
51VNestabilné izotopy
40V, 41V, 42V, 43V, 44V, 45V, 46V, 47V, 48V, 49V, 50V, 52V, 53V, 54V, 55V, 56V, 57V, 58V, 59V, 60V, 61V, 62V, 63V, 64V, 65V