Gálium
31
Ga
Skupina
13
Perióda
4
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
31
31
39
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
31
Atómová hmotnosť
69,723
Hmotnostné číslo
70
Kategória
Po-prechodné kovy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Kryštálová sústava
Dolno-centrovaný ortorhombický
História
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
5,907 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Teplota varu
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
5,59 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
256 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,371 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,0019%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
1×10-6%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-55-3
PubChem CID číslo
5360835
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
135 pm
Kovalentný polomer
122 pm
Elektronegativita
1,81 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
5,9993 eV
Atómový objem
11,8 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,406 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 2, 3
Aplikácie
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
69Ga, 71GaNestabilné izotopy
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga