Zirkónium
40
Zr
Skupina
4
Perióda
5
Orbitál
d
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
40
40
51
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
40
Atómová hmotnosť
91,224
Hmotnostné číslo
91
Kategória
Prechodné prvky
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
6,506 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Teplota varu
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
21 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
580 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,278 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,013%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
5×10-6%
Zdroje obrázkov: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-67-7
PubChem CID číslo
23995
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
160 pm
Kovalentný polomer
175 pm
Elektronegativita
1,33 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,6339 eV
Atómový objem
14,0 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,227 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikácie
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrNestabilné izotopy
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr