Uhlík
6
C
Skupina
14
Perióda
2
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
6
6
6
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
6
Atómová hmotnosť
12,0107
Hmotnostné číslo
12
Kategória
Iné nekovy
Farba
Čierna
Rádioaktívny
Nie
Z Latinského slova carbo (drevné uhlie)
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektróny v obale
2, 4
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
2,267 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Teplota varu
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
105 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
715 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,709 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,18%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
0,5%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-44-0
PubChem CID číslo
5462310
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
67 pm
Kovalentný polomer
77 pm
Elektronegativita
2,55 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
11,2603 eV
Atómový objem
5,31 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
1,29 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikácie
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
12C, 13CNestabilné izotopy
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C