Holmium
67
Ho
Skupina
n/a
Perióda
6
Orbitál
f
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
67
67
98
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
67
Atómová hmotnosť
164,93032
Hmotnostné číslo
165
Kategória
Lantanoidy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878.
They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.
Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.
Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any naturally occurring element
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
8,795 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
1734,15 K | 1461 °C | 2661,8 °F
Teplota varu
2993,15 K | 2720 °C | 4928 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
17 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
265 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,165 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,00012%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
5×10-8%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-60-0
PubChem CID číslo
23988
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
176 pm
Kovalentný polomer
192 pm
Elektronegativita
1,23 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,0215 eV
Atómový objem
18,7 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,162 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
3
Aplikácie
Holmium is used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields, when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece.
It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
Holmium is considered to be of low toxicity
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
165HoNestabilné izotopy
140Ho, 141Ho, 142Ho, 143Ho, 144Ho, 145Ho, 146Ho, 147Ho, 148Ho, 149Ho, 150Ho, 151Ho, 152Ho, 153Ho, 154Ho, 155Ho, 156Ho, 157Ho, 158Ho, 159Ho, 160Ho, 161Ho, 162Ho, 163Ho, 164Ho, 166Ho, 167Ho, 168Ho, 169Ho, 170Ho, 171Ho, 172Ho, 173Ho, 174Ho, 175Ho