Túlium
69
Tm
Skupina
n/a
Perióda
6
Orbitál
f
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
69
69
100
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
69
Atómová hmotnosť
168,93421
Hmotnostné číslo
169
Kategória
Lantanoidy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
9,321 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Teplota varu
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
16,8 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
250 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,16 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,000045%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
1×10-8%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-30-4
PubChem CID číslo
23961
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
176 pm
Kovalentný polomer
190 pm
Elektronegativita
1,25 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,1843 eV
Atómový objem
18,1 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,168 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
2, 3
Aplikácie
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
169TmNestabilné izotopy
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm