Osmium
76
Os
Skupina
8
Perióda
6
Orbitál
d
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
76
76
114
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
76
Atómová hmotnosť
190,23
Hmotnostné číslo
190
Kategória
Prechodné prvky
Farba
Bridlicovo šedá
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
22,61 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Teplota varu
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
31 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
630 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,13 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
1,8×10-7%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
3×10-7%
Zdroje obrázkov: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-04-2
PubChem CID číslo
23937
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
135 pm
Kovalentný polomer
144 pm
Elektronegativita
2,2 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
8,4382 eV
Atómový objem
8,49 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,876 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Aplikácie
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192OsNestabilné izotopy
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os