Tálium
81
Tl
Skupina
13
Perióda
6
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
81
81
123
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
81
Atómová hmotnosť
204,3833
Hmotnostné číslo
204
Kategória
Po-prechodné kovy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý šesťuholníkový
História
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
11,85 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Teplota varu
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
4,2 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
165 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,129 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,000053%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
5×10-8%
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-28-0
PubChem CID číslo
5359464
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
170 pm
Kovalentný polomer
145 pm
Elektronegativita
1,62 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,1082 eV
Atómový objem
17,2 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,461 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
1, 3
Aplikácie
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
203Tl, 205TlNestabilné izotopy
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl