Olovo

82
Pb
Skupina
14
Perióda
6
Orbitál
p
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
82
82
125
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
82
Atómová hmotnosť
207,2
Hmotnostné číslo
207
Kategória
Po-prechodné kovy
Farba
Bridlicovo šedá
Rádioaktívny
Nie
From the Latin word plumbum
Kryštálová sústava
Tvárovo-centrovaný kockový
História
Metallic lead beads dating back to 6400 BC have been found in Çatalhöyük in modern-day Turkey.

The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings.

In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Pb
Pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
11,342 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
600,61 K | 327,46 °C | 621,43 °F
Teplota varu
2022,15 K | 1749 °C | 3180,2 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
4,77 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
178 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,129 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,00099%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
1×10-6%
Ultrapure
Zdroje obrázkov: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure lead bead
Registračné číslo CAS
7439-92-1
PubChem CID číslo
5352425
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
175 pm
Kovalentný polomer
146 pm
Elektronegativita
2,33 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
7,4167 eV
Atómový objem
18,17 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,353 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
-4, 2, 4
Aplikácie
Large quantities of lead, both as the metal and as the dioxide, are used in storage batteries.

Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis.

It is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear.

Lead, in either pure form or alloyed with tin, or antimony is the traditional material for bullets and shot in firearms use.
Lead and its compounds are poisonous
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb
Nestabilné izotopy
178Pb, 179Pb, 180Pb, 181Pb, 182Pb, 183Pb, 184Pb, 185Pb, 186Pb, 187Pb, 188Pb, 189Pb, 190Pb, 191Pb, 192Pb, 193Pb, 194Pb, 195Pb, 196Pb, 197Pb, 198Pb, 199Pb, 200Pb, 201Pb, 202Pb, 203Pb, 205Pb, 209Pb, 210Pb, 211Pb, 212Pb, 213Pb, 214Pb, 215Pb