Tórium
90
Th
Skupina
n/a
Perióda
7
Orbitál
f
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
90
90
142
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
90
Atómová hmotnosť
232,03806
Hmotnostné číslo
232
Kategória
Aktinoidy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Áno
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kryštálová sústava
Tvárovo-centrovaný kockový
História
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
11,7 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Teplota varu
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
16 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
530 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
0,113 J/g·K
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
0,0006%
Množstvo vo vesmíre
4×10-8%
Zdroje obrázkov: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-29-1
PubChem CID číslo
23960
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
179 pm
Kovalentný polomer
206 pm
Elektronegativita
1,3 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,3067 eV
Atómový objem
19,9 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,54 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
2, 3, 4
Aplikácie
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
232ThNestabilné izotopy
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th