Plutónium
94
Pu
Skupina
n/a
Perióda
7
Orbitál
f
Protóny
Elektróny
Neutróny
94
94
150
Hlavné vlastnosti
Protónové číslo
94
Atómová hmotnosť
[244]
Hmotnostné číslo
244
Kategória
Aktinoidy
Farba
Strieborná
Rádioaktívny
Áno
Named after the planet Pluto
Kryštálová sústava
Jednoduchý monoklinický
História
Plutonium was first produced in 1940 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, Joseph W. Kennedy and Arthur Wahl.
Plutonium-238 was produced by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley.
The Berkeley team made neptunium-238 which decayed to plutonium-238.
Plutonium-238 was produced by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley.
The Berkeley team made neptunium-238 which decayed to plutonium-238.
Elektróny v obale
2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
Elektrónová konfigurácia
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 had a plutonium core
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Skupenstvo
Tuhé látky
Hustota
19,816 g/cm3
Teplota topenia
912,55 K | 639,4 °C | 1182,92 °F
Teplota varu
3501,15 K | 3228 °C | 5842,4 °F
Skupenské teplo topenia
n/a
Skupenské teplo varu
325 kJ/mol
Tepelná kapacita
-
Množstvo v zemskej kôre
n/a
Množstvo vo vesmíre
n/a
Zdroje obrázkov: Wikimedia Commons (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
A ring of weapons-grade 99.96% pure electrorefined plutonium, enough for one bomb core
Registračné číslo CAS
7440-07-5
PubChem CID číslo
23940
Atómové vlastnosti
Atómový polomer
159 pm
Kovalentný polomer
187 pm
Elektronegativita
1,28 (Paulingova stupnica)
Ionizačný potenciál
6,0262 eV
Atómový objem
12,32 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivosť
0,0674 W/cm·K
Oxidačné stavy
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Aplikácie
The isotope plutonium-239 is a key fissile component in nuclear weapons, due to its ease of fission and availability.
Plutonium-238 has also been used successfully to power artificial heart pacemakers, to reduce the risk of repeated surgery.
Plutonium-238 mixed with beryllium is used to generate neutrons for research purposes.
Plutonium-238 has also been used successfully to power artificial heart pacemakers, to reduce the risk of repeated surgery.
Plutonium-238 mixed with beryllium is used to generate neutrons for research purposes.
Plutonium is harmful due to its radioactivity
Izotopy
Stabilné izotopy
-Nestabilné izotopy
228Pu, 229Pu, 230Pu, 231Pu, 232Pu, 233Pu, 234Pu, 235Pu, 236Pu, 237Pu, 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 242Pu, 243Pu, 244Pu, 245Pu, 246Pu, 247Pu